Lets talk about flora:
We can distinguish three fitographic areas:

1. In the North Area: With very extensive prairies where we can see a remarkable prevalence of gramineous, what constitutes it as the cattle area par excellence.
2. If we speak of the Central Area (of transition): With presence of prairies and the appearance of caducifolio forest represented mainly by Ñire, generally stunted by the strong winds.
3. And lastly the South Area: Heavily forested, presents a prevalence of Lenga and Guindos, whose forests reach to a height of 600 m. over the mountainous hillsides.

The total of the forested surface is of 630.000 hectares, of which 200.000 are of Ñires and 430.000 are of Lengas and Guindos. These last ones in a proportion from 1 to 5 and always in humid areas. These forests are part of the subanctartic forests or Andean-patagonic, which cover 2.200 Km. of mountain range, from the Province of Neuquén until the fueguian archipielago.
Subsequently we develop the characteristics of the species located in the South area, keeping in mind that the forested mass extends from the 54º South Latitude, until the Beagle Channel.

Lenga (Nothofagus pumilio): It is a desiduous tree, asymmetric and lustrous, they take a coloration that passes from the intense red to the ocher or brown before falling. The leaves acquire these colors, during the autumn, meanwhile, the landscape shows a scene of color of spectacular beauty. It can reach 30 meters of height and 1,5 m. of diameter, it ends up reducing its bearing to 20-50 cm., adopting a bushy and stunted form, at 600 m. of height above the sea level.

Guindo (Nothofagus betuloides): Called also "Coihue" of small extended and perennial leaves. It can reach the 30 m of height and 1,20 m. of diameter. When it grows in stony and thin floors it presents a bushy, tortuous and stunted form. As much the lenga as the coihue can be attacked by parasites, Myzodendron Punctulatum Banks (sub-bush without leaves) and the Cyttaria darwinii, well-known as “Indian bread”, because it was one of the elements that the natives included in their diet. This mushroom, of white yellowish color, appears in autumn and winter and it has about 3,5 cm of diameter, being of spherical shape. The action of this parasite provokes a deformation on the branch or trunk of the tree, denominated "knot".

Ñires (antarctic Nothofagus): It has asymmetric jagged, lustrous and deciduous. Of bushy bearing, so much is developed in flooded floors as well as in places with scarce precipitations.

Calafate (Berberis buxifolia): It is a very ramified bush that presents many thorns. It stands out in summer among the trees of the forest because of their small smoothly perfumed yellow flowers, come closer to the flower of Calafate after a rain and enjoy its perfume. These flowers then become delicious fruits that present a black-blued coloration. The legend of the Calafate tells us; that the person who eats the fruit of this bush returns to the place.

Another bush is the Michay (Berberis ilicifolia): Bush that possesses leaves of green intense color, very similar to the mistletoe. It always stays green and before concluding the winter it presents a flowering of orange color, while their fruits of blued color, mature in autumn.

Black Bush (Chilliotrichum diffusum): This bush has flowers that resemble small daisies that last until the autumn. It always maintains its green color and it grows as much in the plain as in the mountain.

Chaura (Pernettya maconata):Very ramified bush that possesses leaves that finish in thorns. Their flowers are small and white, in form of bells and their fruit is of red intense color. It produces flowers and fruits twice a year. It grows near the coast and in not very humid clearings.

Bell Biflora (Phaiopheleps): The bell is of white color or cream with purple striations, nicely perfumed. It flourishes between November and January. The shaft fluctuates between 9 and 70 cm. with groups from 2 to 7 flowers. It has been choosen the representative flower of the Province of Tierra del Fuego. It grows in almost every environment of the Island.

Strawberry of Magellan (Rubus geoide):It grows in those places that conserve certain humidity, under the protection of some fallen trunk or in the protection of the talud of the ravines. This delicious fruit of red color and extremely sweet, is similar in appearance to the blackberry. It is half buried and a bit covered by the small leaves of the same plant. Its fruit grows between October and February.

Drosera (Dosera uniflora): This insectivorous plant measures from 4 to 5 mm. Their tentacles of reddish color, segregate in the ends a mellow substance that serve it to attract and to catch the insects. It only grows in very humid places and it flourishes in December and February.

Peat bogs (Sphagnum magellanicum): The peat is constituted by vegetable rests, mainly of briofitas (or mosses). They have an enormous capacity for the retention of water and therefore, they are active creators of the environmental humidity. The enormous capacity of retention of water of the peat bogs is due to the absorbent properties of the Sphagnum moss. The peat bogs cover 1% of the surface of the Earth and their formation took long time. For example, a deposit of 1,5 m. of depth was constituted in less than 6000 years.

White peat (del musgo Sphagnum): it is used, mainly, as fuel and additive of floors. This moss has been exploited commercially for more than 150 years. Also, the use of the peat as fuel has increased in many countries because of the energy crisis. The industry of the peat depends on the production of the moss Sphagnum. This has properties that make it appropriate adecuate to preapre floors, as sediment for cultivation of other plants, among other uses. It is capable of retaining up to 20 times their weight in water. The softness of its fibers makes it useful as packing material, for transport of fresh vegetables, fruits, flowers, etc. The Sphagnum moss has been effectibly used as agent for filtration and treatment of served waters and efluentes of industries with acid and toxic release, with high content of heavy metals and organic substances, such as oils, detergents or dyes.


Lets talk about fauna:
The fauna of Tierra del Fuego is throughout the three areas (North, Center and South). In accordance to this we will enumerate the species that are observed with more frequency in the South area of the Island:

The Colorado Fox: Together with the Guanaco they are autochthonous species of the place. Of wide distribution in the whole Andes Mountain range, in Tierra del Fuego it occupies mainly the forested areas. It is carnivorous, and the rabbit, today, constitutes the main source of their diet, it also includes small rodentss and birds.
It is Recognizable for its long and bulky tail, the fox measures more than a meter (including the tail) its weight is between the 8 and 13 Kg. The high commercial value of its skin of other times, added to their curiosity, have made of the fox an easy catch for the man. At the moment it is a protected species being forbidden its hunt.
It is of solitary habits, its season of zeal takes place in August and September. During the courting several male follow a female that mates with the strongest and aggressive. Digging a cave or using the one of the other animal, the female gives birth among three or six puppies, while the male takes charge of providing the food to the mother and his breedings.

The Rabbit: Introduced in Tierra del Fuego; because it is not autochthonous; probably with the arrival of the first Europeans, the rabbit has expanded quickly, occupying mainly the open areas where the avaiability of short grasses has favored its demographic growth. It lives in intercommunicated caves and it has social habits, forming small groups in the reproduction season that coincides with the time of growth of the grasses. The period of gestation is of 30 days, and the female can be pregnant the same day of the mating. The breeding average for litters is of 5 individuals. The matings concentrates on spring and summer. In this island the rabbit has become an easy prey of the carnivorous sprecies (foxes, dogs and birds of prey), altering this way the alimentary network of the ecosystem and producing a strong impact on the populational dynamics of his predators.

The Muskrat: This rodents has adapted, extended and spread in surprising form. It was introduced in Tierra del Fuego from Canada. It’s fur is short, soft and dense, and the color is brown dark brilliant, with scaly and dense tail. It is a species characteristic of the swamps with aquatic vegetation, but not only we see them in those places but also in the margins of the lakes and rivers and to a lesser extent in marine costs. Depending on the environment, they build their burrows with the vegetation that grows near the course of water, or they dig them if this doesn't exist. It feeds of vegetables, aquatic plants, barks of trees and bushes that grow near the water.

The Beaver: This animal, destructor of our forest, was brought from Canada in the year 1946, with the purpose of comercialize it’s skin fomenting the furrier industry. These mammals of semi-aquatic life, are true engineers because of their capacity to build complex burrows and dikes, they have great size: an adult has an average weight of 16 Kg., although there have been some specimen that have reached a weight of 40 Kg. The beaver usually measures around 76 cm. of length and 30 cm. of height. The tail has about 25 cm. of longitude, it is wide, flat and it is covered with scales. The fur is of  cinnamon color above and clearer or grizzlier below. It’s eyes are small and nature provided them of a nictitante membrane that allows them to see under water, as well as the nasal holes and the auditive pavilions can close completely to avoid the entrance of water. As well as the rest of the rodentss, the incisives wear away faster at the back, so that a sharp and cutting border is formed. Thanks to these teeth, the beaver is capable of cutting down big trees; it selects those whose diameter oscillates between 5 and 20 cm., although it can also demolish trees of 75 cm. of thickness. It is long-lived, it can live 20 years, and monogamous; the female usually gives birth only one time during a year, and the breedings, in number from two to four for litter, are born in spring and they remain with its parents during one year.

The Marine Wolf of one hair: These marine mammals belong to the family of the “otáridos” and contrary to their kindred “fócidos” (the marine elephants)they move using their fore members and they have small ears. The young males have grizzly color that is darkened with the years, as their characteristic mane grows. They Reach the 300 Kgs. and their longitude can reach between two or three meters. The females have gray or yellow pale color, tone that becomes brownish-yellow in the mature animals. Their weight is about 160 Kgs. and and they measure from 1 to 1,5 meters. Although in times of mating they meet in immense colonies, during the sexual rest they form winter colonies, generally not very far from their summer destination. Their reproduction stage begins in December with the arrival to the beaches of the big males (called "sultans"), later the females will arrive. It is at this time when the harems begin to be formed where a male defines its ARC (reproductive central area) in its piece of beach with the biggest quantity of females possible. A male can group from 5 to 15 females, between immature animals and reproductives.
Of the 198 species of birds that Tierra del Fuego has that are grouped in 44 families, 116 species have been proven as Nesting birds: (migratory residents), 31 as Regular Visitors: (summery, winter and annual), 43 as Irregular Visitors: (occasional), 7 are of temporary uncertain distribution for the region (not certain) and 2 figure as extinguished. Of the first two groups Nest birds and Regular Visitors, comes off the number of the representative bird life of the place in total 147 species.

Penguin “Barbijo”: They are marine birds unable to fly. Of robust body, compact and waterproof plumage, wings transformed into rigid fins and webbed paws located behind. Dorsally black blued and ventrally white. White face and black tail that crosses it’s throat traversely, as a “Barbijo”. Black beak and rosy paws. They go to land in prolonged time, only in reproduction and then they move. They nest forming colonies and they put 1 or 2 eggs.

Silver Petrel: Resemblance to the Cook Gull in profile and in ways of flying when it is over the coast. In open sea, its glide in semicircles and pale plumage differentiates it of all the petrels. Dorsally of pearly gray; white area in tip of the wing or "window" that results in a remarkable characteristic in the sea. The head, tail and ventral part are white. Rosy beak with black tip and blued nasal tube. In winter numerous groups usually enter trhough the Beagle Channel until the Bay of Ushuaia.

Imperial Cormorant: Dorsally blued black. In summer and autumn it usually presents a big white spot on the back. Throat, cheeks and rest of the ventral area are white. Brown beak with yellow caruncle on the base; naked brown and blue face around the eye. Rosy paws. It builds the nest with seaweeds, mud and excrement with form of truncated cone.

Gray Head Cauquen: These South American geeses have similar sexes. Head and neck, leaden gray. Chest and back chestnut-reddish. Rest of the back brownish-grey; black tail. White stomach. Black beak and orange paws. They feed of grasses and seaweed.

Common Vapor Duck: Of gray steel color, with white ventral area. White mirror eaves. Orange beak with black tip, and yellow paws. Slightly different sexes. Male: pale head and white post-ocular line. Female: dark head and neck, with bronzed cheeks and throat. Big, stout, unable to fly. Very short wings that folded they don't reach the tail. They usually advance swiftly on the water, kicking "as a vapor" and balancing with wingbeats. Divers, they feed of crustaceans and mollusks.

Reddish tail eaglet: Dorsally brownish-black and ventrally ocher, spotted of brown. Wide reddish tail with nine black, narrow bands and white tip. It hunts small rodents and rabbits.

Pilgrim Hawk: Dorsally dark gray and ventrally whitish-ocher, with black bars and specks. Black crown and mustache that contrasts with the white throat. Blackish tail with weak pale gradient. It flies very fast, in straight line, it rarely falcons and it hunts only birds.

Field Owl: Dorsally brown, spotted of black and ocher. Ventrally ocher too, speclked of brown. Small yellow eyes, with black orbiculares and beak that contrast in the whitish face. Small "ears" on the forehead, not very remarkable. Of diurnal habits, it is usually seen lonely, hunting with its typical "flamed" flight of low height and fluttering smoothly. It perches on the floor leaning forward.

Cook Gull: White with black back. Wings dorsally black with white rear border and internally white with black tips that are prolongued in gray band towards axilars. Yellow beak with red point in inferior jaw and yellow paws. It is the biggest gull in the region; opportunist and it feeds of carrion.

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